Sikh Zone

Siri Chand Singh, an African descent Sikh living in America.

Shopkeeper selling all kinds of stuff in Anandpur Sahib, India

Dharam Singh, Narayan and Himmat Singh

Guru Gobind Singh was born on December 26, 1666 A.D. at Shri Patna Sahib. His father’s name was Shri Guru Tegh Bahadur ji and his mother’s name was Shri Mata Gujri Ji. He had three wives named Shri Mata Sundri Ji, Shri Mata Jeeto Ji and Shri Mata Sahib Kaur Ji. He had four sons named Baba Ajit Singh Ji and Jojhar Singh who were martyred in Garhi Chamkaur for Sikh Religion on December 22, 1704 and Baba Jorawar Singh and Baba Fateh Singh were martyred in Fatehgarh Sahib, Sirhind on December 27, 1704 A.D. Shri Mata Gujri ji also died in Sirhind. His father was martyred at Chandni Chowk in Delhi in 1675 A.D.

Early Childhood

1. Sayyad Bhikhan Shah and Pir Arafdin bowed before Guru after seeing a Divine Light.

2. Guru ji gave training of bow and arrow to a group of children, broke the vessels of women with arrows, gave blessing of a son to the wife of a rich man, appeared before Pandit Shiv Dutt in the form of Ram, took gram sweet from Raja Fateh Chand ‘Maini’ and his queen with great happiness. Maini Sangat Gurdwara etc. are important places in memory of the Guru.

3. The Guru throwaway a golden bangle in Ganges river and throw away even the second bangle when asked by mother and uncle named Kirpal Chand, showing that he had no intention to retain money.

4. Kazi Rahim Bux and Karim Bux offered one village and two gardens with love to the Guru.

5. Historical places in Shri Patna Sahib (Bihar).

A. Siri Harimander Sahib
B. Gobind Ghat
C. Gurdwara Maini Sangat
D. Pangura Sahib, four arrows, small sword, small Khanda (double edged sword), a comb made of Sandal wood, the Kharava of eltphant’s teeth, small circle, shield, a well named after Mata Gujri, a picture of the child Guru are present in his memory.

After five years, Guru ji came to Punjab, from Shri Patna Sahib via Dana ur, Handi Sahib Gurdwara, where a follower offered rice. Guru ji stayed for about six months at Lakhnaur in the house of Bhai Jetha ji where a beautiful Gurdwara is built. Guru ji came to this place through Chhota Mirzapur, Agra, Kansi, Pirag Raj, Ayudiya Lucknow, Agra, Mathura, Gokal, Bindraban, Hardwar and Saharanpur. At Shri Anandpur Sahib, the child Guru was given religious and milltary training by Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji. Munshi Sahib Chand and Pir Mohd. taught Gurmukhi and Persian respectively. Guru ji was the source of all kinds of studies. Bal Guru persuaded his father to sacrifice in Delhi for the sake of Kashmiri Brahmins to save their religion. Bhai Ram Kaur ji (Gubux Singh ji) installed Bal Guru on Gurgaddi. Guru ji gathered the army, got prepared huge drum of victory (Ranjit Nagara) and fixed Nishan Sahib, Raja Rattan Rai of Assam alonwith his mother presented Parsadi elephant military equipment choki, vessels of silver and five horses and became a follower of the Guru. He stayed here for about six months. A valua Ie tant was presented by Duni Chand Masand of Kabul.These things were increasing the prestige of Guru’s Darbar. 52 poets added honour to the Darbar.Gurbani of the tenth Guru is included in the “Dasam Granth” which shows the path of bravery. Guru ji was the preacher of equality. The Moghul Empire and Hilly Rajas were deadly against it. Guru ji had to fight 14 religious wars to help the poor people, and he had to sacrifice his all but faith in God (AkaI Purakh) his highest ideal.

Some religious battles of Guruji are as below:-

1. Bhangani: (1689 A.D.) The battle between Guru Ji and Hill Rajas (Near Paunta Sahib, Nahan).

2. Nadon Hilly Rajas did not pay any taxes to Aurangzeb

3. Golar Guru ji helped the Hilly Rajas.

4. Anandpur: Here the fort was seized for about three years. Starvation started. The followers had to live on the leaves of trees.Their lives became miserable and requested Guru Ji to leave the fort. But Guru Ji did not want to go. Some followers left the fort against the Guruji’s will.It is called disclaimer.At last, Guru Ji left the fort alongwith 500 Sikhs on Poh 6, 1761 B.In their memory, Gurdwara ‘Parvar Vichhora’ is present, near Ropar. Here Mata Gujri Ji and his two younger sons (aged 9 & 7) alongwith Gangoo Brahmin a cook of Guru ji, of village Khari, left for Sirhind and helped the govt. to arrest them. Gangoo proved himself unthankful.Here Mati Ram Mehra served them with milk. Diwan Sucha Nand stressed that they should be killed.

Sher Mohd.Khan Nawab of Malerkotla opposed this decision and wanted to release them.The martyrdom was ordered by Wazir Khan. Governor of Sirhind on December 27, 1704 A.D. (Poh 13, 1761 B).

5. Chamkaur: Seize of Chamkaur by the Moghul forces (1704 A.D. Only 40 Sikhs gave heroic fight and were manyred along with two elder sons of Guru Ji aged 13 & 15, on Poh 8,1761 B.) From this place, Guru Ji went to Machhiwara after installing the Panth on Gurgaddi. The three Sikhs Bhai Daya Singh Ji, Bhai Dharam Slllgh Ji and Bhai Mann Singh Ji, who survived in Garhi Chamkaur, met Guru Ji in Machhiwara Guru Ji reached here with torn clothes, sore feet and tired. Here Guru Ji sang a song: “Go and tell the beloved Lord, we feel like being baked alive.” ‘Pir of Uch’ was formed by Nabi Khan and Ghani Khan. Here Guru Ji wrote a letter of victory to Aurangzeb. Pir Nabi Khan and Ghani Khan got Hukam Nama and two golden bangles in village Hairon.

6. Khidrana Ki Dhab-Muktsar: Here Guru Ji tore the paper of disclaimers belonging to Bhai Mahan Singh Ji, In Lakhi Jungle. Guru Ji said, “After hearing the song of Mahi, the buffaloes left the drinking and grass”.

Baptism

Guru Ji selected five beloved ones named ”Bhai Daya Singh Ji”, “Bhai Dharam Singh Ji”, “Bhai Mohkam Singh Ji”, “Bhai Himat Singh Ji” and “Bhai Sahib Singh Ji” in Keshgarh Sahib, Anandpur Sahib in 1699 A D. (Baisakh 1, 1756 B). Guru Ji baptised them and he himself was baptised by them.Guru ji ordered to recite Nit-Nem: Jap, Jap, 10 Savayas, Chopai, Anand, Rehras, and Sohila. Guru ji gave them the following Gurmantra and Mool Mantra :- (Waheguru), God is one. Truth is His name. He is the creator. He is fearless. He is without enmity. He is the immortal. He is unborn.He is self-illuminated.By the grace of the Guru. These are five signs of Khalsa: Kachha, Karra, Kanga, Kirpan, Kesh. Guru prohibited Khalsa to use meat, smoke and cutting of hair.Guru ji prevented the Khalsa from having any relation with Meenas, Masands Dhirmalias, Ram Rais. He advised them to work honestly and distributed one tenth of the earnings among the needy.

Once Guru ji put the skin of lion on donkey and told the followers to understand the meaning of Khalsa.Thus Guru ji prevented the Khalsa from being false. Guru ji advised the Khalsa to work hard. Once a boy brought a glass of water to Guru ji, but Guru ji, refused it, the reason was that the boy had never served anyone. Hola Mohalla was the main contribution of Guru ji and is celebrated every year.

Some important followers
Bhai Joga Singh was watched by the Guru at the gate of drab in Hoshiarpur.Bhai Mahan Singh who wrote disclaimer in the battle of Shri Anandpur Sahib.At Muktsar, Guru ji tore into pieces the disclaiming paper.Here he was martyred.Mata Bhago was the leader of the Jatha (Group).

Bhai Nand Singh Malvai was advised by the Guru ji to lead the family life.

Bhai Ghanaya participated in the battle of Shri Anandpur Sahib and served water to the sikhs and the enemy without distinction.

Bhai Bachittar Singh killed the drunken elephant of hilly Rajas at Lohgarh Anandpur.

Bibi Deep Kaur killed three Muslims with sword when they wanted to murder her in village Talban.

Bibi Rup Kaur wanted to marry Guru ji, but Guru ji prevented her according to Sikh law.

Pir Budhoo Shah participated in the battle of Bhangani, Guru ji gave him Kesh Kanga and small turban. Nasira was his sister.

Zaibul Nisha: The daughter of Moghal Emperor Aurangzeb advised her father not to fight against Guru ji. In the battle of Shri Anandpur Sahib, Mamu Khan, Sayed Khan, were fighting for Guru ji and Dina beg, Painda Khan Sayad Khan and Ramzan against Guru ji. Duni Chand Masand left the fort and broke his leg by jumping over.

Bahni Snah was baptised and he was renaimed Ajmair Singh of village Chhatiana.

Bhai Dan Singh Brar obeyed the order and refused to take pay from Guru ji in Lakhi Jungle (Chhatiana).
Fatu and Lamu of Talian offered bed sheet to Guru Ji. Guru ji advised to Sikhu and Bidhu faqirs of village Bajak that the world is perishable.

Sodhi Koul of village Dhilvan Kalan offered white clothes and a horse to Guru ji. Guru ji took off the blue dress of Machhiwara.

Haji Rattan of Bhatinda met Guru ji and Guru ji told him God is everywhere and He is Almighty.

Bhai Dalla was baptised at Talwandi Sabo (Shri Damdama Sahib, Fifth Takhat).

The Zafernama was written in village Dina Kangar in the house of Shamir, Lakhmir and Taikhat Mal (three brothers), to Aurangzeb.

Rai Kala of Rai Koat, sent Nura Mahi to Sirhind. He told Guru ji, the whole history of Mata Gujri ji and two younger sons of Guruji.At that time Guru ji dig out the piece of grass with arrow and said, this cruel Mughal Empire is destroyed.

Guru ji had good relations with Raja Medni Parkash of Paunta Sahib (State Nahan) Guru ji wrote ‘Chopai’ at Bibhor.

Bhai Nagahia Singh ji of village Alamgir offered a horse to Guruji.

Mahant Kirpal Dass Udasi participated in the battle of Bhangani.

Raman, Tirloka and Toder Mal established Shri Joti Sarup (Sirhind).

Bhai Mani Singh sent the wives of Guru from Ropar to Delhi.

Gurbax Singh Udasi served the Gurdwara of Shri Anandpur Sahib.

Mata Hardevi of Machhiwara offered a piece of cotton to Guruji. In this place Guruji took food in the house of Gulaba Masand.

Guru ji sent five followers to Kanshi for higher education, and they were called “Nirmalas”.

Guru ji taught Mahant Jait Ram of Dadudwara about bravery.

Guru ji advised Roda Jalali to speak truth and leave falsehood.

Guru ji punished the Masands of Dehradun on the request of Mata Punjab Kaur the wife of Ram Rai.

At Nohar Guruji preached among Jains.

At Nander Sahib Guru ji baptised Banda Baragi and sent him to Punjab.

Guru ji was injured by the attack of a pathan with dagger who was sent by Wazid Khan Governor of Sirhind, Guru ji installed Guru Granth Sahib as the Guru and Panth would be under his control.

Guru ji left for his Heavenly abode at Nander on Katik Sudi 5, 1765 B, (1708 A.D.)

Guru Tegh Bahadur was born in Amritsar in 1671 B. K. (Guru Ka Mahal). His father’s name was Guru Hargobind Ji and his mother’s name was Mata Nanaki Ji. He participated in the battle of Kartarpur in his childhood. He was free from worldly attachments and liked to remain silent. He meditated about twenty-one years in Bhora Sahib, Baba Bakala, Distt. Amritsar. He contemplated on “Waheguru”, “Gurmantar” and “Ik Oam Kar Satnam Karta purakh, Nirbhao, Nirvair, Akal Murat, Ajuni Saibhang, Gurprsad”, “Mulmantar”.

Makhan Shah Lubana (whose ship was sinking in the sea) and Baba Dawarka Dass Ji and Bhai Garhia Ji declared openly the presence of the True Guru. Dhirmal and Ram Rai opposed. Sheeha Masand of Dhirmal fired at, but Guru ji escaped. Guru Ji sat on the Gaddi of Guru Nanak on Chait 1, 172IB.K. The ceremony of Gurgaddi was performed by a Sikh from Delhi who offered five paise and coconut.These things were placed by the 8th Guru Harkrishan Sahib.Twenty-two hypocrite gurus left their places. After sometime,Guru ji went to see Shri Tarn Taran Sahib, Shri Khadur Sahib and Shri Goindwal Sahib, Gurdwara Thana Sahib near Akal Takhat, Golden Temple Shri Amritsar Sahib.The worshippers of the Golden Temple closed the doors and Guru ji could not see the Temple. From this place, Guru Ji reached Shri Damdama Sahib. At this place, the people from the worshippers of Golden Temple came to seek pardon. From this place, Guruji reached village Valla at Gurdwara Kotha sahib and met the disciples and returned to Baba Bakala.

After staying for a while, Guru ji reached Jullundur, Nawanshahr, Durga, and Shri Kiratpur Sahib.There also Sodhis became jealous of him. From that place, Guru ji came to village Makhowal of Raja Kahloor, bought the land and settled there-(Nanaki Pind) (Guru ka Chak) (Shri Anandpur Sahib). Just as after the rain the land becomes cool, Shri Guru Teg Bahadur Sahib travelled from Punjab to Assam in about two years, comforted the minds of the people by Gurbani.

Guruji left Shri Anandpur Sahib Via Shri Kiratpur on 15th Maghar 1722 B.K. He reached the Malwa’s village like Moolowal Bhikhi, Khiwa, Maur, Dalaio, Candoo, Phaguwalla Wazidpur, Dharmu Da Koat, Munak, SabokiTalwandi and also Dhamdhan, Kurukshetra, Thanesar, Barna, Bani-Biderpur, U.P. Manakpur, Garh Maktashwer, Mathra, Agra, Tarbeni, Kansi,Sasram, Gaya, Shri Patna Sahib (Here left his wife (Mata Gujri) and other followers) Maghar, Bhagalpur, Raj Mahal, Malda, Bihar, Bengal, Dhaka, Assam, Rangmati (Dhobri, where Guru Nanak Dev Ji had gone). This village was settled by a Dhoban. Gohati, Karamnasha Stream, the villalge Khanjar was settled by Guru Tag Bahadur Sahib by arranging a settlement between Raja of Assam and Ram Singh, the latter was sent by Aurangzeb Moghul Emperor against the former. Guru Ji warned both of them against the policy of Aurangzeb. Guru ji preached among the people, neither to scare any body nor becoming scared from anyone. Guru ji built wells and tanks in the Villages and prohibited the people from smoking.

After this tour, Guru ji returned to Shri Anandpur Sahib and wrote a letter to his wife (Mata Gujri) and child (Gobind Rai) to come back to Punjab. There are four religious places in a single building namely Gurdwara Bhora Sahib, residing place, Damdama Sahib and Manji Sabib. Kashmiri Pandits requested Guru ji at Manjit Sahib in Shri Anandpur to save their religion. Earlier these Pandits had gathered in a temple at Amar Nath. They were given the time of six months to decide their future. It was the order of the Governor named Sher Afgan to accept Islam.Guru ji prepared for the sacrifice to save the Hindu religion.The child Guru, Guru Gobind Rai welcomed the decision taken by his father and said, “No one was as pious as you in India. In this way, you can save their religion.” Guru ji prepared himself along with his five followers namely Bhai Mati Dass ji, Bhai Dayala ji, Bhai Gurditta ji, Bhai Uda ji and Bhai Cheema ji to offer heads to Moghul Emperor. On way from Shri Anandpur Sahib to Delhi, Guru ji reached Siri Kiratpur, Bharatgarh, Ropar, Saifabad, Patiala Samana, Garhi Nazir, Karnal, Karhali, Cheeka, Kharar, Jind, Kathal, Bangar Desh and also the place of Mata Bhagwanti in Agra. Guru ji was arrested by Hasanali Kotwal. Guru ji gave a ring and valuable blanket to the grandson of Kotwal who was grazing the cattle. Guru ji also gave him two rupees to buy the sweet from the confectioner.The garden was seized by one hundred soldiers and horses.Guru ji and his five followers were sent to Delhi under strict cantrol of 1200 soldier. Now Guru ji and his five disciples were put in an iron cage.

The name of this place is “Purani Haveli.” Moghul Emperor and Kazi offered Guru ji and his followers to accept anyone of the following:-

1. To accept the Islam
2. To show miracle
3. To face death

The body of Mati Dass was cut into two pieces with a saw. Bhai Dayala ji was boiled in a cauldron. Other two followers left the jail according to the orders of Guru ji. Bhai Gurditta ji was releasd by the Govt. and he passed away on the path. The Ninth Guru was martyred at Chandni Chowk in Delhi on Maghar Sudi 5, 1732 B. (1675 AD.) Guru ji was martyred by butcher Jalaldin of Samana. The calamity broke out by the Almighty God through dark storm. Sisganj is the name of that place in Delhi, Gurdwara Rakabganj is the place where the whole body without head was brought by Lakhi Shah and placed into flames. Bhai Jaita (Jiwan Singh ji) brought the head by betraying the Moghul Empire and reached Shri Anandpur Sahib via Taravari, Ambala, Nabha Sahib, Shri Kiratpur Sahib Gurdwara Bibangarh Sahib. The child Guru Gobind Rai embraced him and said, “Rangreta Guru Ka Beta”. Gurdwara Sisganj is built in the memory of Guru ji. ‘Akal Bunga’ is the place at Shri Anandpur Sahib, where Guru Gobind Rai ji informed the next programme.

The Gurbani of Guru Teg Bahadur ji was sent by a Sikh of Guru ji to Guru Gobind Rai. Afterwards, it was added in the Adi Guru Granth Sahib ji. The effect of the martyrdom was that all the followers of first nine Gurus assembled under the control of tenth Guru Gobind Singh ji and became the saint soldiers (Khalsa).

Some important followers:-
Pir Mola Shah of Ropar, Dasu of village Bikhi, Bhai Mogla of village Gandu, an old follower of village Dalaio, Malook Dass of Manikpur Bhai Meehan Singh of Dhamdhan, Bhai Gurbux Singh of Jonpur, Bhai Phagu of Sasram, Raja Ram of Assam Province, Raja of Goripur. Raja was blessed with a son by Guru ji. Saifdin Pathan of Bahadurgarh, Mata Karmo and Bhag Ram of village Lehal, Near Gurdwara Dukhniwaran Sahib and the followers of Moti Bagh Patiala. Bhikhan Khan Pathan of Garhi Nazir, a Pathan Sardar of Samana, Bhai Veeru of Dhaka, Almasat and his two grandsons named Bhai Natha and Balaki Dass Masand (Their mother painted the picture of Guru ji), Bhai Dayal Ram Rai, Bhai BhaJdmal of Shri Patna Sahib in Bihar Province Masand Galora of Hansi Dagoo Chowdhry from Malwa region who served the Guru and received his blessings.

“By remembering Shri Harkrishan all kinds of sufferings vanish away” (Prayer). Shri Guru Harkrishan Ji, the eighth Sikh Guru Was born at Shri Kiratpur Sahib in 1656 A.D. (Sawan Vadi 9, 1713 B.) in Distt. Ropar. His father’s name was Guru Har Rai Ji and Mata Krishan Kaur was his mother. His elder brother was Ram Rai, who changed a line of Gurbani from “Soil of Muslim” to “Soil of dishonest.” On account of this reason. Guru Har Rai Ji refused to meet him. Eighth Guru was installed on Katik Vadi 8, 1713 B. by the 7th Guru. The seventh Guru Ji offered five paise and a coconut. The ceremony of Gurgaddi was performed by Bhai Gurditta Ji. The 7th Guru did not co-operate with Moghul Emperor Aurangzeb. At that time the Sikh religion was opposing the cruel policy of the Moghul empire by practicing non-cooperation with them. On the request of Delhi Sangat Guru Ji reached Delhi via Kurukshetra and Shri Panjokhra Sahib (Distt. Ambala). At Shri Panjokhra Shaib a proud scholar of Gita named Lal Chand met. To shed his pride Guru Ji arranged a dumb water carrier named Chhaju to translate the verses of the Gita.

Guru Ji placed stick 0n Chhaju and he got all sorts of knowledge. At Delhi Guru Ji stayed with Raja Jai Singh where Gurdwara Bangla Sahib stands.His queen in the dress of maid servant alongwith others came to see Guru ji but Guru Ji recognised her. Thus, she touched Guruji’s feet by considering him omniscient. Guru Ji preached the relatives of Moghul Emperor Aurangzeb, the spiritual concept of God. Guru Ji offered sacred water to the patients or cholera. The kind hearted Guru suffered from small pox. The followers of Guru Ji, Mata Ji and Massand Gurbux asked, “who will be the next Guru”? Guruji said, “Baba Bakale”. After saying this Guruji left for bis Heavenly abode on Chait Sudi 14, 1721 B. Gurdwara Bala Sahib stands in his memory at the bank of river Jamuna near village Bbugoal. The ashes were taken to Shri Kiratpur Sahib. Gurrnantar of Guru Ji is “Waheguru” and Moolmanter is, God is one, truth is His name, He is fearless, He is without enmity, He is the creator, He is immortal, He is un-born, He is self-illuminated, By the Grace of the Guru. “0”, God thou art sweet, and sweet is thy will was main principle of Guruji.

“Remember Shri Har Rai” (Prayer)
Guru Har Rai Sahib was the 7th Guru on the Gaddi of Guru Nanak. His father’s name was Baba Gurditta Ji and mother’s name was Nihal Kaur Ji. Dhirmal was the elder brother of 7th Guru Ji. He was opposing Gurgaddi. Guruji was born on Magh Sudi 13, 1686 B. at Shri Kiratpur Distt. Ropar. Guru Ji was trained in education and defence studies under the control of his grand father the sixth Guru Hargobind Ji. One day Guru Ji was walking out in the garden of Shri Kartarpur Sahib then a strong wind started blowing Guru Ji’s flowlng garment destroyed some flowers. Guru Ji felt sorry for this. The sixth Guru said, Grandson, the feeling of the responsibility is the real humanity and tenderness.” He understood the policy of the Sixth Guru. The policy of Moghul emperor Shah Jahan was opposed to that of the Sikhs. Guruji advised his followers not to cooperate with the vile person. The house of Guru had no place for enemity. Those who came with true love were welcomed by the Guru. The son of Shahjahan, named Dara fell ill, Guruji was kind hearted and he gave the medicine from his dispensary. After taking the medicine he felt well. After this recovery Dara came to see Guruji at Shiri khaour Shaib. Guru Ji had always a force of 2200 horses and soldiers. Guruji brought up the animals in the garden of Kartarpur Sahib instead of killing them after hunting. Guru Ji married Sulakhani, daughter of Bhai Daya Ram Ji in U.P. He had two sons named Baba Ram Rai and Shiri Guru Harkishan Shaib Ji.

Some important followers:
Suthra Shah, Bhagal Bhagwan, Bhai Pheru, his free kitchen is important. Once bhal Kala alongwllh his two nephews named Phul and Sandli came to Guru Ji, when Guru Ji was preaching in Malwa. Phul and Sandh both Children were striking their bellies. Guru Ji asked, why were they doing like that. Kala replied, “there father named Rupchand had died, both were orphans and they wanted food and some blessings” After seeing their position, Guru Ji said, “Bhai Kala! one day they will be owners of this area and their horses will drink the water upto Jamuna. When they returned home, the wife of Kala also said to him,”You should also go to Guru Ji and request for his blessing to your sons.” Kala again went to Guru ji and requested him. Guru Ji said “That time has passed now, but they will also be the owner’s of the land and not pay any taxes.” Three states Patiala, Nabha and Jind are called Phulkian and Bahi as in the District of Ferozepur. Mata Tabo offered food. Some Hillrajas came to Guru Ji and being omniscient Guru Ji gave Parsad as desired by them. Guru ji called on Bhai Gonda. The names of four Masands were Behlo, Bbundar Punjab and Bhai Bhagtu had two sons, named Bhai Gaura Jiwan. Bhai Gaura had earned the displeasure of the Guru because he killed Bhai Jassa. But when Moghal attacked the family of Guru, Bhai Gaura saved the life of the family of the Guru Ji and thus saved himself.

The sixth Guru said to the seventh Guru the enemy would not reach you while attacking you. Guru Ji respected Gurbani and used to repeat the Gurmanter “Wahguru” and “Mool Mantar” God is one. Truth is His name. He is creator. He is self illuminated.By the grace of Guru.” Shabad Hazare were also recited in the Darbar. Ram Rai showed 72 miracles to Aurangzeb, changed the words of Gurbani and thus Guru ji refused to accept him. The 7th Guru Ji installed Guru Harkishan Ji on Gurgaddi on Katik Vadi 9, Samat 1718 and left for his heavenly abode at Shri Kiratpur, Patalpuri. The 7th Guru at the time of Gurgaddi offered five paise and coconut to 8th Guru as was done by the previous Guru Hargobind Ji. The ceremony was performed by Bhai Bhana Ji according to the wishes of the 6th Guru. There are twenty two hlstorloal places in Shri Kiratpur: Harimander Sahib, Siri Manjl Sahib, Shri Charan Kamal Sahib, Tomb of Baba Gurditta Ji and Tomb of Pir Budan Shah are the important places.

Guru Hargobind Ji was the sixth Guru on Guru Nanak’s Gaddi. Earlier the fifth Guru Arjan Dev Ji had no son. Once Mata Ganga Ji the wife of the fifth Guru went to the bir of Baba Buddha Ji with a great pomp and show to have his blessings. Baba Buddha Ji felt displeased and said, “What is going wrong at Ramdasspura” This came true at the time of the marriage of Bibi Viro, the sweets which were not given to Shikhs were taken away by the Mughals.

Birth
For the second time Mata Ganga Ji again went to Bir of Baba Buddha Ji according to the advice of the fifth Guru. She offered simple bread, onion, butter milk with great humility.Baba Ji was pleased and said, “God will bless you with such a powerful son who will crush the heads of the Mughals just as I am breaking the onion.” By the grace of Guru Nanak, the Prayer of Baba Ji was accepted and Guru Hargobind Ji born at Guru Ki Badali, District Amritsar, in Harh Vadi I, samat 1652 Here two flas, of Miri and Piri are flying. Guru Arjan Dev ji thanked the omnipresent Guru Nanak Ji with the song of Asa MahalIa 5 “Sat Gur Sache Diya Bhej.”

Childhood
Uncle Prithi Chand and Aunt Karmo tried to kill Bal Guru Ji by enchantment, by giving poison mixed with curd by a Brahaman and also by midwife, by sending the poisonous snake into the room where Bal Guru was playing. All their efforts failed by the grace of God. Guru Ji thanked god by the following songs:-

1. Lep Na lago Tilka Mool (Bhairo Moballa 5)
2. Vich Karta Purakh Khaloa (Sorath Maballa 5)

Bal Guru Ji suffered from smallpox and the fifth Guru Ji sang “Tati Vau Na Lagyee Parbraham Sarnayee,” and some other songs (Bilaval Mahalia 5) of God were also uttered. By the grace of Waheguru, Guru Ji was soon hale and hearty. Baba Buddha Ji trained him in religion and in the art of warfare. He was installed on Gur Gaddi after the martyrdam of fifth Guru. Baba Buddha Ji wore him two swords. One of religion and other of politics and hence he was called the master of religion-politics. Guru Ji built “Shri Akal Takhat.” 500 youngmen offered their services. The force of 52 saint soldiers was formed. He had forces, huge drums were beaten, the flags were flown and songs of bravery were sung by Abdullah musician. Guru Ji had to prepare for religious wars in future, and the followers called him true emperor. Four religious wars were fought by the Guru Ji at the time of Shah Jahan Moghul emperor.

These are as follows:-
1. The battle of Amritsar Pipli Sahib with Mukhliskhan.
2. The battle of Hargobindpura with the Governor of Jullundur.
3. The battle of Gurusar Mehraj with Kamar Bag and Lal Bag.
4. The battle of Shri Kartarpur with Painda Khan Pathan disloyal and Kala Khan and also the of battle palahi near Phagwara. After the death of Jahangir the policy of Shah Jahan was anti-Sikh from the very beginning. The lives of Sikhs were in danger. The Guru Ji bad to fight against the tyrannical rulers, and he was victorious in all the battles, he fought.

Marriages
Saint soldier Guru Ji had three wives. First was Shri Mata Damodari Ji the daughter of Narain Das of viltage Dalla. Two sons, Baba Gurditta Ji and Baba Ani Rai Ji and one dauguhter named Bibi Viro Ji were born to her. Next was Mata Nanaki Ji, the daughter of Hari Chand of village Bakata, who gave birth to two sons, named Baba Attal Ji and Shri Guru Teg Bahadur Ji. The third wife, Shri Mata Mahadevi Ji (Marvahi) was the daughter of Daya Ram of village MandaIi. She had a son named Surajmal Ji. Shri Mata Damodari Ji passed away in the village Daroli and the other two died in Shri Kiratpur SahIb.Two years detention in the Fort of Gwalior.

Prithi Chand and Chandu were joined by Kazi Rustam Khan whose daughter, Kaulan was first the follower of Saint Mian Mir but later she came to Guru Ji’s Darbar. She knew ‘Shri Sukhmani Sahib by heart. Her father wanted to kill her. She came to Sai Mian Mir for help. He sent her to Guru Ji. Kaulsar was dug up in her memory in Amritsar. All these opponents of the Guru alongwith the Governor of Lahore, complained to Emperor Jahangir saying “Guru maintains an army, he goes on hunting and has named his seat as Akal Takhat He wants to take revenge of his father. He calls hims If the true king. The days are not far off when he will rise against the Moghul Empire.”

On the basis of these reports Jahangir sent Wazir Khan and Guncha Beg to Amritsar and ordered them to bring Guru Ji to Delhi. Guru Ji handed over all the responsibilities to his important followers and got ready to go to Delhi. He reached Tilla Majnu Delhi via Shri Taran Taran Sahib, Goindwal and Malwa in 1673 B. K. Jahangir had talks with Guru Ji. He asked many religious questions. Guru Ji satisfied the emperor by his replies. Jahangir went to Agra alongwith Guru Ji. Guru Ji hunted a lion. There a grasscutter, a follower of Guru Ji, came and without caring for the Emperor, he went to the tent of Guru Ji direct. He presented two paisa and requested Guru Ji to save him from the cycle of death and birth. Guru Ji blessed him. Jahangir was surprised to know the chrismatic attraction which the Guru had. He felt afraid and detained him in the fort of Gwalior where many Rajas were already detained. These Rajas showed great respect for the Guru. Guru Ji was freed by the advice of Sai Mian Mir Ji. When Wazir Khan ordered to set him free, Guru Ji informed all the 52 prisoned Rajas should also be freed. Jahangir again ordered that as many prisoners as could catch the, dress of Guru Ji should go out. Guru Ji dressed himself with 50 edged shirts. Fifty of the prisoners caught one corner each and the remainining two caught hold of Guru Ji’s hands. (This dress is present now at Ghurani Kalan). After this incident Guru Ji was called the saviour of prisoners.

Diwali was celebrated in Amritsar on the arrival of the Guru Ji. It is said that Guru Ji remained in the prison for 42 days. Jahangir handed over Chandu to Guru Ji and he was killed in Lahore Bazar by Gurditta the water carrier. This same man poured the hot sand over the fifth Guru Ji under the order of Chandu.

Guru Ji got the following places built:
1. Shri Akal Takhat Sahib.
2. Loh Garh fort.
3. Kaulsar.
4. Bibeksar.
5. Shri Kiratpur Sahib. (Foundation stone was laid by Gurditta Ji)
6. Meharaj.
7. Dera Sahib Lahore.
8. A Masque in Hargobindpura.

Guru Ji preached among the people of Punjab (Hills and Majha Malwa regions), Kashmir and U. P. Baba Gurditta Ji passed away in Samat 1685 at Shri Kiratpur Sahib.Once Guruji went to see Baba Shri Chand Ji. Baba Ji said “How many sons have you?” Guruji said “t have five sons by the grace of God.” Baba Gurditta was offered according to the wishes of Baba Siri Chand. The place has a Gurdwara Jind Wari where a dead cow was brought to life. Baba Atal Ji had brought a dead boy to life in Amritsar, where a nine storyed building is standing near Kaulsar in his memory.The poor people are served with food and water freely. Ani Rai Ji also passed away in Kiratpur Sahib.Suraj Mal was of worldly nature.

Guru Teg Bahadur Ji was practising meditation for the horrible future. Guru ji installed Guru Har Rai Ji, the son of Baba Gurditta Ji by offering five paise and a cocnut.The cermonye was performed by Bhai Bhana Ji, the son of Baba Buddha Ji. Guru Ji left for his heavenly abode on Chait 5, Samat 1701 at Shri Kiratpur Sahib Patal Puri. At that time two disciples named Raja Ram Partap Singh Rajput and Shiv Singh also jumped into the fire and were burnt alive to ashes.

Sixth Guru Ji preached ”Gurmantar” and ”Mool Mantra”to their followers:-
1. Baba Buddha Ji remained with first six Gurus.

2. Bhai Gurdass Ji passed away in Shri Goindwal Sahib.

3. Bhai Gopala Ji recited “Japu Ji” and got a horse from Guru Ji.

4. Mata Sulalkhani of village Chabha was blessed witb seven sons by Guru Ji.

5. Bhai Bidhi Chand Ji in the disguise of a grasscutter and astrologer got two horses named Dilbag and Gulbag from the Governor of Lahore and that was the main cause of battle of Gurusar.

6. Bhai Sadhu and Rupa offered cold water to Guru Ji at village Rupa.

7. Mata Bhag Bhari or Kashmir offered a shirt to Guru Ji.

8. Shri Samrath Ram Dass Ji the Guru of Shiva Ji Marhatta, came to see Guru Ji being omniscient. Guru Ji said to him, “Baba Nanak did not leave the wolld but the money. Our weapons are to save the poor and to crush the cruel.”

9. Guru Ji said to Pir Shah Daula & his followers-Jahangir in Gujrat “the woman makes the character of a man, the son is the memory of a man. The money is the necessity of life. A fakir treats, all alike.”

10. Mohan & Rup Chand of village Marri Bhai Bhalan Ji, Bhai Mohri Ji, Bhai Singha Ji.

Musican Bhai Bhana Ji, Bhai Sobha Ji, Mohan Ji, Sadhu Ram, Jaitu Kalyana, Pi raga, Tota Ji, Mathura Ji, Nanu Ji, Persu Ji, Saktu Ji, Bhama Ji, Gajjan Ji, Rana Partap Singh Ji, Rai Jiva Ji, Bhai Tara Chand, Bakhat Mal, Bhai Karori Mal Ji, Bhagmal, Bhai Sadh, Joitha Ji Jattimal Ji, Rai Jodhi Ji, Hassan Khan, a spy of Moghul Emperor Shah Jahan, in the battle of Gurusar, Lakhu Amia, Koshali. Chur,Bhai Sai Dass & his Wife Ramo of village Daroli, the relative of Guru Ji, Bhai Taloka Ji and Bhai Kahtaru Ji of Kabul. Bhai Sai Dass Ji the son of Mata Bhagbhari of Shri Nagar, Katu Shah, Bhai Jhanda, Bhai Garhia Ji. Biran Dutt, Hargobind of village Bhai Ka Matu came to see Guru ji & Guru Ji told him, “Smoking is prohibited.” Pir Buddan Shah, Pir Kavani Fazil Irani, Hassan Ali. Sundar Shah of Shri Kiratpur Shaib, Khanaja Roshan Shah Kashmiri, Sayyad Jani Bhai Javinda of village Sadhar (Distt. Ludhiana), Bhai Langha, Bhai Chaju, Peelu, Sobhagir, Sai Mian Mir, Shah Hussain, Jan Mohd. Amirkhan, Attaulla, Baba Gavinda of Hurmachi Mahalla, Bhai Banka Shah of Almi Darvaja, Sahib Swami Jagga of Gumti Mahalla. Dilla Ram, Bhai Bhupa, Nathu Mal of Morri Darvaja, Kahna Bhagat, Baba Malaira, Shah Anait Kadri, Shah Mohd, Goash, Sheikh Abdullah, Sai Dass Baragi, Bhairo Nath, Mata Rajo & Dharmo, Bhai Mehra, Jamal Khan, Bhago, Bhai Lakha, Chanda, Badhaga, of Lahore, Raja Tara Chand, Kalu Nath of village Nathana.The followers of Shri Nava Kana Sahib and village Narali (Distt. Rawalpindi in Pakistan).

Some opponents of the Guru Ji :- Shah Jahan Moghul Emperor in Amritsar Mukhlaskhan, Maula Bakhash son of Kazi Rustam Khan, Kutab Din, Mirza Jaffer, Jafer Jang, Bahadur Khan, Kalander Khan, Mirza Tahar Beg, Kala Khan, Shamas Khan, Ramzon, Ali Mohd Khan Rattan Chand son of Bhagwan Dass Gharar who was Revenue Collector of Govindpura, Abdulla Khan the Governor of Jullundur, Lal Chand brother of Chandu and Karam Chand son of Chandu, in the battle of Gobindpura. Asmad Khan, Kasam Beg of the Governor of Lahore, Karra Bhullar, Jaid Pirana, Lal and Baghalia in the battle of Guru Sar Mehraj, Khabili Bag, Kamar Bag, Lala Beg in the battle of Guru Sar Mehraj, disloyal Painda Khan Pathan, Usman Khan Kala Khan & Dirmal in the battle of Kartarpur.Some Pathans of Phagwara in the battle of Palahi Sahib, Kutab Khan the Pathan of Ropar, etc.

The fifth Guru Nanak, Shri Guru Arjan Dev Ji was born on Baisakh Vadi 7 Samat 1620 at Goindwal in Distt. Amritsar His father’s name was Shri Guru Ram Dass Ji and mother’s name was Shri Mata Bhani Ji, the daughter of Shri Guru Amar Dass Ji. His first wife passed away without any child; therefore, Guru Ji had second marriage with Mata Ganga Ji of Village Maoo, Distt. Jullundur and had a son named Shri Guru Hargobind Ji.

In Samat 1637 a relative of Shri Guru Ram Dass Ji named Shri Saharimal of Lahore came and made a request to Guru Ji, “the marriage of my son will take place at Lahore and ‘ou must come.” Guru Ji hims If could not go being busy in public work. Guru Ji asked his eldest son named Prithi Chand, the greedy, and the second son named Mahadev, the ascetic, but both of them did not agree to go. Then Guru Ji asked his youngest son named Arjan Dev to go to Lahore to attend the marriage. He obeyed the orders but was informed, “Unless I (Guru Ji) ask you to come back, you should stay on and preach there.”

After sometime he was anxious to see Guru Ji. He wrote three letters to Guru Ji. The first two letters were stolen by Prithi Chand and third came to the hands of Guru Ji. Guru Ram Dass took the letters from the pocket of Prithi Chand and called him a false. Guru Ji sent Baba Buddha Ji to bring ‘Arjan Dev’ from Lahore. After reaching Amritsar, Arjan Dev recited the fourth stanza and was blessed by the Guru Ji. He was installed on Gur Gaddi. Guru Ji offered him five paise and a Cocounut; the ceremony was performed by Baba Buddha Ji. Prithi Chand opposed it strongly. He built a tank and Dukh Niwarn in a village near Taran Taran Sahib but could not succeed. He continued the opposition and took possession of the land and the income of houses. At last Prithi Chand brough’ Sulhi Pathan to kill Guru Ji but he failed. Guru Ram Dass Ji advised Prithi Chand not to quarrel but he did not care. Guru Arjan Dev Ji was an apostle of peace. He suffered all kinds of hardships and continued free kitchen and brought up Meharvan, the son of Prithi Chand like his own son. Guru Ji helped the poor peasants by getting their taxes remitted from the Moghul Emperor Akbar and continued the charity fund (Dasvand).

Guru Ji built the following places: Ram Sar Shri Amritsar Golden Temple, its foundation stone was laid by Sai Mian Mir, a muslim faqir and kept four doors. Har Ki Pauri, Manji Sahib, Santokh Sar, Shri Taran Taran Sahib, Shri Kartarpur, Dislt. Jullundur Chheharta Sahib, Shri Gobind Pura, Bauli Sahib Lahore, Guru Ka Bagh Distt. Amritsar. Shri Mata Ganga Ji and Guru Ji himself served the lepers.

Shri Guru Granth Sahib was written in samat 1660 at the bank of Shri Ram Sar. Opening ceremony of Shri Guru Granth Sahib was done on Bhado Sudi, one samatl 1661 in Golden Temple and Baba Buddha Ji was appointed the first Priest. Writing work of Shri Guru Granth Sahib was done by Bhai Gurdass Ji. His writings were honoured and called the key of Shri Guru Granth Sahib. There are 5894 hymns in Shri Guru Granth Sahib and 937 hymns of Bhagats proving “God is one, omnipotent and omnipresent.” Guru Ji himself wrote hymns according to the wishes of the third Guru. Guru Ji sent Baba Buddha Ji and Bhai Gurdass Ji for bringing the volume of hymns of previous Gurus from Shri Goindwal Sahib which were in the possession of Mohan Ji, the son of third Guru, but they could not succeed to get them. Then Guru Ji himself went to Baba Mohan Ji and brought them with due respect. Here the upper storey of Baba Mohan Ji is an important place.

Martyrdom:-The promises of Guru Amardass Ji to his daughter Bhani ji’ that the Gur-Gaddi would remain in the family came to be fulfilled by the sacrifices. The order of Almighty God came. Guru Ji bowed down before the Golden Temple and went to Lahore along with five Sikhs and stayed at Bhai Sukhu Ji’s house and the followers came to see Guru Ji. Guru Ji was arrested by the Moghul soldiers. The order was given by the Moghul Emperor Jahangir. Jahangir wrote in his biography that the Sikh religion was the shop of falsehood. He wanted that Guru Ji should adopt the Muslim religion. He taxed Rupees two lakhs on Guru Ji on the pretext of helping his ebellious son Khusro. Guru Ji refused to pay it. Jahangir ordered to Murtaz Khan to martyr Guruji. Guru Ji also refused to accept the marriage of his son Hargobind Ji to the daughter of Chandu. Chandu ordered Guru Ji to pay the fine. Chapdu was the resident of Lahore and was an employee of Jahangir in Delhi. He kept on agonizing the Guru Ji.

In Lahore there is a red wall reminding us of these incidents. On the first day, Guru Ji was neither given the food to eat nor bed to sleep. On the second day, Guru Ji was boiled in a cauldron. On the third day Guru Ji ascended the burning ironplates to meet his ordeal of extreme suffering in the cause of truth. Chandu tried to sew Guru Ji in the skin of cow but all in vain. This horrible scene was seen by Sai Mian Mir and daughter-in-law of Chandu also. Guru Ji advised them to remain in peace and said ‘It is the will of God, which should be accepted peacefully at all costs.’Guru Ji met five Sikhs namely Bhai Jaitha Ji, Bhai Pirana Ji, Bhai Bidhia Ji, Bhai Parra Ji and Bhai Langha ji. Guru Ji was sent to the river Ravi to take bath. Here they recited ‘Japuji.’ After this Guru ji left for his heavenly abode on Jaith Sudi 4, Samat 1663 in Dera Sahib Lahore.

Some important followers: Bhai Gurdass ji, Bhai Manj ji, Bhai Behlo ji, Bhai Salo ji, Bhai Kalyana ji, Bhai Tilku ji, Bhai Sudhu ji, Bhai Bahom ji, Bhai Bidhi Chand ji, Bhai Ladha ji, Satta and Balwand a musician who wrote “Ramkali Ki Var,” Bhai Budhu ji, Wazir Khan, Saman and Musan, Nihala, who served the Guru and were blessed. (Peelu, Chhaju, Kahna, Shah Hussain) whose writings were not included in Guru Granth Sahib as these were not found suitable.

Guru Ram Dass Ji was the fourth Guru on the Gur-Gaddi of Guru Nanak. He was born at Chuna Mandi Lahore on Katik 2, Samat 1591. His father’s name was Hardass Sodhi and the mother’s Daya Kaur Ji. His parents died in his childhood. He was given the name Jetha by his parents. He used to sell grams at the village of his grandfather (Basarke). He came to Shri Goindwal Sahib with the followers of Shri Guru Amar Dass Ji. Here he served Guru Ji when the Bauli Sahib was being built. He also built a platform. Bibi Dani was married to Rama. Rama was also asked to make platform.

After three days he left the service but Shri Jetha Ji continued the job and according to the orders of Shri Guru Amar Das Ji carried on the work. On seeing his selfless service, Shri Guru Amardass Ji married his daughter Bibi Bhaniji to him. One day Shri Guru Amar Dass Ji was bathing, when all of a sudden the leg of the bathing stool broke and the nail pierced the hand of Bibi Bhani Ji, when she was trying to save Guru Ji from falling. Guru Ji blessed her, saying, “According to your wishes the Guru Gaddi Would continue in your family, but for this you will have to make sacrifices.” Tenth Guru Gobiod Singh Ji has also made reference in Shri Dasam Granth about Sodhi and Bedi clans.He had three sons named Prithi Chand, Mahadev, Shri Guru Arjan Dev Ji. In the memory of Guru Ji, Gurdwara Havaili Sahib is built. He got the Guru Gaddi on Bhadon Sudi 13, Samat 1631 at Shri Goindwal Sahib. Guru Ji offered five paise and a coconut. Baba Buddha Ji put tilak on his forehead.

Guru Ji built Shri Amritsar in Samat 1627. The story of Rajni and Pingla is famous. Raja Duni Chand of Patti had seven daughters. One day he asked them whether they took food from God or from him. Six of them replied that they got food from their father, but seventh named Rajni replied that she got all things from the Almighty God. On hearing this the Raja was annoyed and he married her with a Pingla. She served Pingia with devotion and used to go to Gurdwara.One day she went alone to nearby place and Pingla was sitting near Beri Dukh Bhanjni Sahib. When Pingla saw that after taking bath in the adjoining pond, the crows became swans, he also took bath and he was cured of his disease. When Bibi Rajni came, she was surprised on seeing the new person at the place of her husband Pingla. Shri Guru Ram Dass Ji blessed both of them. Guru Ji built a tank near Dukh Bhanjni Sahib. God was in the heart of Guru Ram Dass Ji. His beard was long.

One day Baba Shri Chand Ji questioned why was it so. He replied, “It is for dusting your feet.” On hearing this Baba Ji realized how noble the Guru Ji was. His verses are in the Guru Granth Sahib‘Four Lavan’ are very famous. These are sung at the time of marriage ceremony. Once Jogis met Guru Ji and Guru Ji explained his teachings to them. ‘Masands’ were appointed for preachings and kept ‘Golak’ in Gurudwara and also advised all the Sikhs that they should put one tenth of their income in Guru Ki Golak for the public welfare. Guru Ji left for his heavenly abode on Assu 2, Samat 1638 at Shri Goindwal Sahib and after him, Guru Arjan Dev Ji was appointed as the fifth Guru. Some important followers :- Bhai Gurdass Ji, Bhai Bhakari Ji, Bhai Adam Ji, Soman Sahah, Bhai Gurmukh, Taru, Bharu, Manak Chand and Maha Nand, etc. were blessed by Guru Ji.